Introduction: The Benefits of Exercise for Cerebral Palsy
If you or someone you know has cerebral palsy (CP), you might be wondering how exercise can help. CP is a group of neurological disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and posture, usually caused by damage to the developing brain before or during birth (1). Despite the challenges, incorporating exercise into daily life can make a world of difference for individuals with CP, improving physical abilities and overall well-being. Let's dive in and explore how!
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Exercise plays a significant role in improving the quality of life for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). By consulting with an Exercise Physiologist, a tailored exercise program can be developed to address specific needs and goals. Incorporating stretching, strengthening, aerobic, and balance and coordination exercises can help improve physical abilities, mental health, and overall well-being. Staying consistent, motivated, and supported while exercising safely and effectively is crucial for long-term benefits. Embracing exercise can help individuals with CP lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Getting Started: Consult a Professional
Before jumping into any exercise program, it's crucial to chat with a clinical exercise physiologist experienced in cerebral palsy (2). They can assess individual needs and abilities, taking into account medical history, current physical condition, and personal goals. With this information, they can develop a tailored exercise and physical activity routine to achieve what the individual desires. (3).
Remember, exercise plans should be flexible and open to adjustments over time, so progress can be monitored and the program remains effective and safe, long term.
Types of Exercises for Cerebral Palsy
Stretching Exercises
Stretching is a vital component of any exercise program, especially for individuals with CP. Regular stretching can help maintain and improve flexibility, reduce muscle stiffness and spasticity, and prevent contractures (permanent shortening of muscles and tendons) (4). Some stretches that can benefit individuals with CP include:
Hamstring stretches: Gently stretch the muscles at the back of the thigh to improve flexibility and range of motion.
Calf stretches: Stretch the lower leg muscles to reduce tightness and discomfort.
Hip flexor stretches: Target the muscles at the front of the hip for better hip mobility.
Strengthening Exercises
Strength training is super helpful for individuals with CP, as it helps build muscle, increase overall strength, and improve functional abilities (5). Strengthening exercises can be in the form of body weight, with free weights or machines or with resistance bands or other implements. It depends on individual abilities and preferences. Some great strength exercises for people with CP are:
Seated leg presses: Target the leg muscles to improve lower body strength and stability.
Seated rows: Focus on the upper back muscles for better posture and shoulder stability.
Step Ups: Strengthens the lower limb whilst being more specific to daily tasks.
Aerobic Exercises
Aerobic exercises are fantastic for individuals with CP, as they improve cardiovascular fitness, increase endurance, and help manage weight (6). Plus, they can have a positive impact on mood and overall mental health. Some aerobic exercise options for people with CP include:
Swimming: This low-impact activity provides a full-body workout while minimizing stress on the joints (7).
Seated cycling: Use a stationary bike or adapted tricycle for cardiovascular fitness and lower body strength.
Walking or wheelchair racing: Depending on individual abilities, these activities can be an effective way to improve cardiovascular fitness and enjoy the great outdoors.
Balance and Coordination Exercises
Working on balance and coordination is super important for individuals with CP. It enhances functional abilities, reduces the risk of falls, and promotes independence (8). Some neat balance and coordination exercises for people with CP are:
Standing on one leg: With support from an exercise physiologist or sturdy object, practice standing on one leg to improve balance and stability. You can use a balance board or cushion to up the challenge!
Ball toss: Catching and throwing a ball can improve hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. Do it seated or standing and modify it with larger or softer balls.
Walking on uneven surfaces: Under a physical therapist's supervision, practice walking on uneven surfaces like grass or sand to boost balance and coordination.
Tips for Exercising Safely and Effectively
Warm-up and Cool-down Routines
Remember to incorporate warm-up and cool-down routines in every exercise session. A proper warm-up prepares the muscles and joints for exercise, reducing the risk of injury (9). Similarly, a cool-down helps the body return to its resting state, preventing muscle soreness and stiffness.
The Importance of Consistency
Staying consistent is super important when it comes to exercising with cerebral palsy. Establishing a regular exercise routine and sticking to it can help individuals with CP see improvements in their physical abilities, mental health, and overall well-being (10). Even if progress seems slow, it's essential to remember that small, consistent efforts can lead to significant long-term benefits.
The Role of Motivation and Support
Staying motivated can be tough, but having a support system in place can make a huge difference. Friends, family, exercise physiologists, and support groups can provide encouragement, assistance, and accountability, helping individuals with cerebral palsy stay committed to their exercise goals (11).
Adjusting Exercises and Expectations Over Time
As individuals with cerebral palsy grow and develop, their abilities and needs may change. It's essential to be flexible and adapt exercises accordingly. Regular reassessments with exercise physiologists can help ensure that the exercise program remains safe, effective, and enjoyable.
In Conclusion
Exercise can have a profound impact on the quality of life for individuals with cerebral palsy. By incorporating stretching, strengthening, aerobic, and balance and coordination exercises into their routine, they can improve physical abilities, boost mental and emotional well-being, and promote independence. With the right guidance, support, and commitment, individuals with cerebral palsy can enjoy the benefits of exercise and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
FAQs
Is exercise safe for individuals with cerebral palsy?
Yes, exercise can be safe and beneficial for individuals with cerebral palsy when tailored to their specific needs and abilities. It is essential to consult with a physical therapist or healthcare professional experienced in cerebral palsy before starting any exercise program.
What are the benefits of exercise for individuals with cerebral palsy?
Exercise can improve physical abilities, such as flexibility, strength, balance, and coordination. It can also boost mental and emotional well-being, promote independence, and help manage weight.
How often should someone with cerebral palsy exercise?
The frequency of exercise depends on the individual's abilities, needs, and goals. A healthcare professional or physical therapist can provide guidance on the appropriate exercise frequency and duration for each person.
Can individuals with cerebral palsy participate in group exercise classes?
Yes, individuals with cerebral palsy can participate in group exercise classes, provided the class is suitable for their needs and abilities. Adapted or inclusive group exercise classes may be available in some communities, offering a supportive and accessible environment for individuals with cerebral palsy.
What should I do if my loved one with cerebral palsy has difficulty staying motivated to exercise?
Staying motivated can be challenging for anyone, including individuals with cerebral palsy. To help your loved one stay committed to their exercise goals, offer encouragement, assistance, and accountability. You can also explore new activities to keep the exercise routine fresh and enjoyable or consider joining a support group or enlisting the help of friends and family.
References:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2020). Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research
Verschuren, O., Wiart, L., & Hermans, D. (2012). Identification of facilitators and barriers to physical activity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatrics, 161(3), 488-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.02.042
Ryan, J. M., Cassidy, E. E., & Noorduyn, S. G. (2017). Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD011660. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011660.pub2
Dodd, K. J., Taylor, N. F., & Graham, H. K. (2003). A randomized clinical trial of strength training in young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 45(10), 652-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00866.x
Moreau, N. G., Holthaus, K., & Marlow, N. (2013). Therapeutic effects of strengthening exercise in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Journal of Child Neurology, 28(10), 1288-1301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073812459335
Verschuren, O., Ketelaar, M., Gorter, J. W., Helders, P. J., Uiterwaal, C. S., & Takken, T. (2007). Exercise training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(11), 1075-1081. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1075
Fragala-Pinkham, M. A., Haley, S. M., & O'Neil, M. E. (2008). Group aquatic aerobic exercise for children with disabilities. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50(11), 822-827. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03100.x
Marinho-Buzelli, A. R., Rouhani, H., & Masani, K. (2015). The influence of the aquatic environment on the control of postural sway. Gait & Posture, 41(1), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.08.006
American College of Sports Medicine. (2014). ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (9th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Rimmer, J. H., & Rowland, J. L. (2008). Health promotion for people with disabilities: Implications for empowering the person and promoting disability-friendly environments. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2(5), 409-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827608317385
Rimmer, J. H., & Wang, E. (2005). A preliminary study to examine the effects of aerobic and therapeutic (nonaerobic) exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk reduction in stroke survivors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(3), 665-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.08.005